Changing perspective

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Area of Study Response.

Changing Perspective.

"Any Change, even a change for the better, always has some drawbacks."

Changing Perspective is the change in ones views; it can be the change in perception about ones culture and heritage like the change viewed in Melina Marchetta's novel Looking for Alibrandi. Josie Alibrandi the main character in Looking for Alibrandi, is a third generation Italian Australian who is ashamed of her legacy and feels she is not accepted by either the Italian or Australian community and is always the victim of racial comments. You can also see this racism and non-acceptance in the movie Remember the Titans produced by Walt Disney this movie is based on a true story about the first African-American football coach of a mixed race team. Set in 171 when racial tensions are soaring because of the integration of the school system.

The changes seen throughout the novel and movie were changes in attitudes. For Josie she accepted her heritage and felt her culture was no longer a barrier, in Remember the Titans the players on the team and more importantly the town accepted each other and put racial differences behind them and came together and formed a community.

The short story Sky High written by Hannah Roberts shows that change can often be associated with growing up and uses the symbol of a washing line to show the reader about the changes in life and the strength of memories. This text is reflecting on the past whereas The Door a short poem written by Miroslav Holub looks towards the future, and it to uses symbolism to convey the changes. Sky High uses a washing line where The Door uses a door that acts as an intimidating barrier which can be perceived as an entry or an exit. The poem explores the possibilities of what may lie beyond the door and the range of possibilities as to what the door will reveal emphasizing the need for action to open the door in order to find out what's beyond and to facilitate change. Both The Door and Sky High use symbolism effectively to shape the meaning of changing perspective.

Each composer for each text used a number of different and similar techniques to convey the changes.

In Looking for Alibrandi, Melina Marchetta shows us the changes through techniques that include simple sentences with colloquial language that effectively delivers a clear understanding of themes and changes. The novel is written in first person retrospective narration, the story is told through the eyes of Josie Alibrandi. This first person narration shows how the character matures, and this allows us to see the changing perspective more effectively and we become more involved with the characters feelings and due to the result of the first person narration we get a more vivid sense of Josie's feelings of alienation because of her Italian heritage. Rhetorical questions are used to stimulate a reaction from the responder and to highlight an opinion. Satire and humour are used throughout the novel, through the use of satire the reader can understand Josie's perspective, for example when Josie says, "Telecom would go broke if it weren't for the Italian community." This shows how Josie feels about the gossiping ways of the Italians. The humour of the novel especially the self-mockery that shows Josie is actually "Looking for Alibrandi".

Walt Disney's Remember the Titans also uses first person narration, the story is told through the eyes of Sheryl, and Sheryl tells the story of how the titans show the small town how to "trust the soul of a man rather than the look of him". This too like in Looking for Alibrandi shows Sheryl's opinions and her emotions more evidently and allows the responder to become more involved in the events occurring in the movie. With the movie being about racial issues, racial slurs are detected through out. Camera angles are used to show how the different races felt about each other the camera angle would look down on the black player if the white player was speaking to them this angle shows how they view the other race as below them, but at the end of the movie a levelled camera angle is used to show how they both see themselves as equals.

In The Door Miroslav Holub uses an optimistic tone to present the change as positive. "If there's a fog" an obstacle or difficulty when we open the door the poem then reassuringly says "it will clear" Repetition of "go and open the door" is used at the beginning of each stanza to highlight the fact that a change is behind the closed door and this repeated command creates an emphatic tone that implores the reader to take a chance. The poem presents the door as a symbol, a closed door can be an intimidating barrier and the participant is prompted to change their world and to explore and new environment. And regardless of what we find on the other side of the door and how we perceive the poem itself, it emphasises that "even if" we think, "nothing is there"…."at least there will be a draught" suggesting that we will still feel something.

Sky High by Hannah Roberts uses similar techniques as to the ones Miroslav Holub used. The composer uses a nostalgic tone to show the reflection of childhood and to convey the change in perspective. The persona in Sky High gained optimism and her result of maturing and the changes that occurred in her life. Like in Looking for Alibrandi and Remember the Titans first person narration is used this again allows the responder to see the washing line through the eyes of the child and to feel closer to the narrator. Figurative language is used quite frequently through the short story, the hyperbole "almost sky high" shows the feelings she used to have as a child and it also reinforces the title of the story and highlights the feeling she used to experience. The personification of the washing line " silver skeletal arms" shows the imagination she once had as a child, the insights into the change in perspective from childhood to adulthood are presented and reinforced through the use of figurative language and first person narration.

The four texts Looking for Alibrandi, Remember the Titans, The Door and Sky High each show a change in perspective. "Any change, even a change for the better, always has some drawbacks." This quote I believe means that when a change occurs, even if it is a good change there is always a drawback to go with it. And this can be shown in The Door, the change in perspective will occur after you open the door, this change is for the better because its opening a new world up for you and the drawbacks from this change is that once you opened the door and stepped into the new world it might not be as exciting as you would of anticipated, it wasn't the change you were hoping for. This quote can also be linked with Remember the Titans, the change in attitudes towards each other when the titans go to camp they accept each others differences and become one but this change is then frowned upon when they return to school, that is the drawback that occurred from that change. Another drawback from a change is the one that occurred in Sky High, where the girl grew up she went from childhood to adulthood even though she found freedom after her change she still wishes to be able to be a child again and to be able to swing on the wash line once again.

So any change no matter how good the change is it always has some drawbacks.

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Women Representing Women

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Women Representing Women

Many female artists in the 17th century used women as subject matter. Images of women are powerful because women have often been treated as the second sex. Such images are often paradoxical in their power. Female artists often times represent the most extreme representations of women's subservience in effort to convey their messages. Two instances are in Elisabetta Sirani's, Our Lady of Sorrows and in Geertruyd Roghman's, A Woman Ruffing. I will contend that in both pieces the female artists have integrated subject matter, light, space and symbolism to create both a characterization of female and emphasis on man's prevailing role in woman's life. In these two pieces I find substantiation that the female artists have been influenced by hierarchically ordered male-female relations.

Elizabetta Sirani's 1657 piece, Our Lady of Sorrows is a religious etching depicting the Virgin Mary. She shows her mourning the death of Christ. Angels who too are mourning his death surround Mary. It is evident that this is the occasion because we see instruments of Christ's passion. The chief instrument is the cross but we also see nails, a lance, the crown of thorns, and dice. The presence of these instruments not only serves to indicate Christ's death but they represent man on a larger scale. They along with the angels lamenting Christ's death dominate the composition. Although Mary is centered in the picture plane, the emphasis is not on her but on her grief for Christ and his pre-existence. Her gestures and expression as well as those of the woman on her left show their need for him, and furthermore, woman's need for man. This scene shows how women are wilted without man. Sirani uses chiaroscuro in her etching to create a sad mood. A contrast between dark and light can be looked at as the contrast between life and death as well the use of dark and light help to aid in the portrayal of man's dominance. Darkness represents man's solidity and light represents his holiness. We can conclude that the strategic use of darks and lights exists to represent man because every other part of the composition thrives on instilling that idea. The diagonal lines symbolize depth and dimension, which along with light and shadow add to the drama of the scene. The cross is being lifted into the air by the angels. This alludes to the idea that Christ is up overhead. Sirani has rendered the foreground and background so that there is a great deal of light in the background where Christ would be. According to Christian symbolism in From Abacus to Zeus, light is an ancient sign of divinity and holiness. Everything surrounding the Virgin has to do with Christ. Sirani has rendered the image in this way to show that man is seen as 'higher' than woman. The strongest evidence that there is a representation of male dominance is that emphasis is lifted from the lamenting Virgin and placed on the reason why she is crying.

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Geertruyd Roghman's 17th century engraving, A Woman Ruffing, is a small yet, powerful and provocative piece. Roghman depicts a woman sowing a frilled collar for a man. Simultaneously, she represents a characterization of female and a virtuous activity. She is characterized as meek and submissive, as she does the charitable task of sowing clothing for a man. The fact that she is doing work for a man is evocative of her position and on a larger scale, women's role in society. This woman's expression and gestures are suggestive of her ennui and reluctance for having this function in the world. Each aspect of the engraving has been carefully designed to illustrate the essence of the image. The fact that the woman is shown doing work for a man, yields the implication that she is subservient to him.

Through symbolism Roghman insinuates the notion that man prevails over woman and has been doing so for ages. She demonstrates the concept of time passing in a number of ways. The clock on the wall is clearly representing time. The closed books on the desk as well as the skull on the floor remind the viewer time's passage. The skull also symbolizes the vanity of man's ephemeral life. The artist is implying that men are narcissistic in their own life, which is virtually no more than a fleeting moment in the grand scheme of things. Each generation of man continues to treat women subserviently, and the men die and the unfair tradition lives on. The symbols thus illustrate Roghman's implication that women will always cater to men. There is a dark shadow over the women. This dark shadow helps to characterize her. She is tired and worn from this time-honored tradition of serving man. Additionally, Roghman has chosen to put this woman in a domestic environment. This is yet another expression of a woman's position and lack of independence. All of the aspects of the piece work together to create this monotonous everlasting reminder than man is higher than woman.

Both of these female artists express in one-way or another that man governs woman and holds the dominant place in life. In their work, they represent that women have been stereotyped and marginalized by men who fail to see their real abilities and understand their real desires. However, Jacob Matham's engraving, The Seven Virtues, expresses the opposite image of the female. He illustrates seven scenes in the mannerist style. The women have elongated, contorted poses, and the compositions are crowded into seven individual squares. Each contains a rather burly yet elegant Renaissance woman who possesses one of seven virtues. Matham characterizes women in a much broader way than do Sirani and Roghman. He encompasses a much more dimensional virtuous creature through his female representations of Faith, Hope, Charity, Justice, Prudence, Fortitude, and Temperance. On the whole, he gives women a lot more credit than do the two female artists. It is ironic that the male artist shows a powerful 'Renaissance' woman while the female artists depict their kind as modest and meek. In Roghman's etching the only virtue we observe is the virtue of obedience. Matham's piece almost contradicts the ideas expressed in the other two.

The careful execution of both Sirani's and Roghman's pieces are evident in their momentous power to convey the artist's sentiments towards male dominance. The fact that these works are both prints is not arbitrary. The provocative qualities that both possess were not to be overlooked and thus with the use of printmaking methods the artists were able to popularize their work and enlighten many. During this time period, and earlier, it was common for the society to believe that man had hierarchy over women. This was something that prevailed not only in this time but also for centuries preceding and following. Women of the time felt it was their duty to express this. Male dominance is more explicit in Roghman's piece however the conveyance of this idea through Sirani's religious perspective equally effective.

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Andrew Jacksons life

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Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw South Carolina. His dad died a few days before he was born. His mom decided to move close to a nearby relative James Crawford. Andrew spent most of his childhood here. He went to the frontier schools and got the reputation of be fiery tempered and willing to fight anyone.

In 1780 they American revolution reached the Carolinas. Jackson was only 1 and became a messenger in the mounted militia of south Carolina. His brother hugh was killed and he and his other brother were captured because he refused to polish the boots of a British officer. They were then sent into a british prison where smallpox broke out. Mrs. Jackson gained her boys release. But robber died. Mrs Jackson became a nurse for the American prisoners. She soon caught smallpox and died.

Andrew was now 14 without any family. He decided to take up saddle making and school teaching. With the 00 dollars he inherited from his grandfather. He went to Charlestown. Jackson next studied law under a lawyer named spruce macay. He set up his office in Mecleanville north Carolina. The next year his companion lawyer John Mcnairy was made judge of the districts superior court. He appointed Jackson as solicitor general.

In Nashville Jackson fell in love with the daughter of John Donelson the founder of the city . Rachel donelson who was separated from her husband. She thought that she was divorced and got married to Jackson. years later she found out she was still married so she divorced her old husband Mr. bobards and remarried Andrew Jackson. Although they had no children they adopted Rachel's infant nephew who became Andrew Jackson Jr. They also raised tree other nephews of Rachel's as well as a native American boy who's parents were killed in Jackson's campaign against the creek nation.

In 176 Jackson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. After one year in the house, Jackson was elected to fill out an expired term in the U.S Senate. He served from September 177 to April 178 and then retired to his private life.

Since he decided to retire the years from 1804 to 181 were very happy year for he and his wife. Some things he did was improve his plantation and breed race horses. He owned 0 slaves but he was said to be a kind master. Later he soon owned over 100 slaves. Even though Jackson was retired he still was very active with local politics.

Jackson had a very hot temper. This hot temper got him into many duels. Many of them were caused by remarks make about his marriage. One of Jackson most famous duels was against Charles Dickinson in 1806. Jackson let Dickinson fire first because he had a faster and better shot. Jackson took the bullet in his chest without flinching at all and took his aim and killed this man.

In 180 Jackson was elected major general of the Tennessee militia. The war of 181 broke out and Jackson offered to lead the invasion into Canada, but was ignored by the staff of president James Madison. In 181 the governor of tennesee, willie blount ordered Jackson to new Orleans. Jackson only got to Mississippi. When the war of department called back the duties of Jackson. Jackson was stranded with out food, supplies or equipment for his 500 soldiers. Instead of leaving his troops he led his troops back to tennesee. The men admired their leader for this. They said he was tough as hickory. This is where Jackson got his nickname Old Hickory.

In may 1814 jackson was made general in the regular army. He was ordered to new Orleans to defend the city against a british attack. When he arrived at the city it was pretty much defenseless he set up defenses. He was in command of 5000 that included of blacks Frenchmen, and even pirates. The british had over 000 veterans that were led by lieutenant General Sir Edward Pakenham who had defeated napoleon. On December 1, 1814 the british landed troops for a surprise attack. Jackson had early that day that it was coming so he set up a defense behind a dry canal. On January 8, 1815 they british finally attacked. The Americans held them back greatly. They had over 000 casualties and we only had 1 dead wounded and 1 missing.

They battle of new Orleans actually came after the war. The treaty of Ghent was signed weeks earlier. Neither side knew that. This was a huge boost for Jackson his troops and all of America.

The election of 184 was said to be one of the most unfair elections in history. In the election Jackson had few political allies and he was lacking political knowledge. His opponents were John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay. Jackson received electoral votes, Adams 84, Crawford 41, and clay 7. Jackson also won the popular vote. In order to win you have to have the majority of electoral collage. On February , 185 the house elected adams president he had 1 votes Jackson had 7 and Crawford had 4. Three western states had originally supported clay but switch to Adams. Later when Adams named Clay secretary of state Jackson's supporters accused them of making a corrupt Bargain. This make Jackson want to win the election of 188 even more.

In the election of 188 jackson received 178 electoral votes to adam's 8 Jackson also won a majority in the popular vote. The joy of this win was sonly said by the death of his wife. She died of a heart attack. Jackson thought it was from all the fighting going on with the election but it really wasn't

At the age of 6 Andrew Jackson arrived in Washington D.C. for his inauguration. Thousands of people were at the capital.

When Jackson was president it really wasn't easy for him. His vice president Calhoun disagreed on many things. This biggest was the nullification of federal laws. Calhoun wrote an essay about it. The whole country was waiting for Jackson to be with nullification or go against it. At jeffersons birthday dinner Jackson stood up and told Calhoun Our Federal Union It must be preserved. Calhoun responded The union next to our liberty most dear.

The election 18 was a landmark in American history because the candidates were chosen by party groups for the first time. The supportes of the bank called themselves the national republics and Jackson's party was called the Democratic Party. The election was mostly based on bank issues. Jackson won the election with ease.

Jackson's second term was not much different. Nullification was still an issue and there was still battles over the bank. He really couldn't take much more of all this. He just wanted to go back to his normal self.

In the election of 186 jackson was weak from tuberculosis and had no thought what so ever for a third term. The last day of Jackson presidency was much more a personal triumph for himself. 1000s came to see the new president but to say good bye to their beloved hero.

Jackson spent his last 8 years at the hermitage even though he had to borrow money to keep the plantation going he contintued to entertain political supporters and kept a close watch with national affairs. On his death bed his famous words that he said were " My dear children and friends and servants, I hope to meet you all in heaven, both white and black , both white and black." Old Hickory Andrew Jackson died on June 8, 1845

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Organizational Structure Paper

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About the Company

For the purpose of this paper, we have created a hypothetical IT services company that provides consulting services to companies with information technology needs. This includes; project management, system development, implementation, networking, hosting, training and maintenance. This company is an established company in the Chicago area, which is currently grossing $5 million per year. The mission statement for our hypothetical company is to provide cost-effective, high quality IT services to small and medium size companies that cannot afford to maintain and train an internal IT department and staff. The organizational structure described in this paper was developed from a strategic plan that our team had previously designed for this company.

Organizational Structure

The organizational structure for this company is a functional departmentalization with a small hybrid of divisional at the project management level. As this is still small company the organizational structure is made up of less than 0 employees and is still very much controlled by the CEO/owner. Our strategic plan is set for a high rate of growth of the next five years. Small companies at this stage, meaning set for rapid growth and expansion, will place a huge strain on the organization's structure. Having a structure that can support the rapid growth may be the defining factor of whether the organization will succeed or fail. To ensure that our structure will be able to handle the planned growth of 100% over the next 5 years, we have designed a predicted organizational structure. The future organizational structure, takes into account the move to add remote sales areas, as well as to ensure that the support functions for predicted growth will be in place. With the focus on sales and marketing, the proposed organizational structure has added the support functions of a customer service representative, a sales administrative assistant, and new project managers and technicians to handle the workload.

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Current Organizational Chart

Proposed Future Organizational Chart

The organizational structure of functional departmentalization has advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages is at the structure creates a simple organizational plan that is adequate and efficient for small company with few products and services. The structure reduces the chance of a duplication of efforts. One article, ("Organizational Structure, p.) states that functional departmentation will respond best to price and quality performance pressures. A single office with only one sales department and one operational manager ensures that the division assigned to the function is completing each of the organizational functions. Functional departments allow employees to specialize, in doing this they become more efficient at what they do. Managers also become specialized, in small companies they also have working knowledge of everything that is going on the department, this allows for more informed decisions. One of the disadvantages of functional departmentalization is that the departments depend on a specific manager to lead. There is little cross management and if the manager is unable to continue his position their more resources in training required to cover his responsibilities. Another disadvantage of this type of organizational structure is that is as difficult for specialized managers to be promoted. The managers not cross trained with other functions of the Company and the organization will be limited in changing his organizational structure to corporate divisional managers or another type of organizational structure.

This structure allows employees to specialize in their respective departments. The close proximity, (single office space), allows them to work closely when needed, yet autonomously when necessary. The satellite sales force is close enough to come to company meetings and functions, yet flexible enough to be able to make sales all over the state. The executives work along side the employees. This allows for corporate objectives to be known to all relatively quickly. Also, employees are able to report obstacles to executives immediately without bureaucratic intervention. This company is lean and specialized with no expensive inventories to keep track of, no heavy machinery to finance and the services are able to improve as technology does, instead of becoming the obsolete.

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Allocation of Resources

One of the biggest struggles this company will face over the next five years is how to grow rapidly and how to finance that growth. When small companies reach the stage where rapid growth occurs it is important from a financial standpoint to ensure that theres enough cash to sustain the growth. To incorporate both the strategic and management plan the budget has placed a large portion of the cash resources into hiring an external marketing company and financing an aggressive marketing plan. There be some people and time allocated to searching for an appropriate external marketing company. Also be a significant amount of resources but forced to ensure that the marketing campaign will be successful and encourage the predicted growth. As per the strategic plan the company will be hiring two new sales reps. The management plan was to encourage the existing sales reps to create satellite offices with new sales reps to gain a larger geographic area of customers. There will be a small outline of capital to assist the sales reps in creating telecommuting home offices as well as the increase in the payroll for the new sales reps. To assist with all the sales activity the Company has committed to allocate the resources to hire a sales assistant. With the predicted growth rate will be imperative to the Company to ensure that it has enough project managers and technicians to carry out the work generated by the new sales force. The company will outlay resources as needed to the operations department to hire new technicians and project managers where and when VP of operations deems appropriate to the increase in workload. The company also predict sometime in the future to customer service representative to help manage influx of new customers.

The hypothetical organization that we have created is at a crucial time in its growth. As a sustainable small company, it has reached the point where is time for the owner to decide whether to continue as a sustainable company or consolidate the company and marshal resources for growth. The ability of our company to manage this growth and meet its strategic objectives is imperative as this is a stage when many small companies go under.

References

Jensen, Michael C. and Meckling, William H. , Specific and General Knowledge and Organizational Structure (Sep 01, 15). Michael C. Jensen, FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY, Harvard University Press, 18; Journal Of Applied Corporate Finance, Fall 15 http//ssrn.com/abstract=6658

Organizational Structure. Retrieved July 1,00 from http//www.cba.uri.edu/Scholl/Notes/Organizational_Structure.htm

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Dont know

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Dont know. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Dont know paper right on time.

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@Hoc is a software company with the stated desire of being a technology driven firm, however their financial statements do not include an allowance for research and development (R&D). To create an estimate of @Hocs R&D expense for each forecast year, a list of every Israeli software-only firm with offices in the U.S. was compiled. The companies R&D costs as a percent of revenues were taken for each Israeli company and then were divided into categories based on the number of employees. (See Table Israeli R&D) These employee categories are approximate estimates of @Hocs own estimated employee headcount for the projected years. The findings showed that smaller firms spent a much larger portion of their revenues on R&D than did larger ones. This might represent the fact that there is more pressure on small firms to develop a successful product and that larger ones already have an established product and therefore do not need to spend as heavily. Taking the medians of the percent spending on R&D for each category and applying them to the matching year gives us a percentage of revenue that @Hoc can expect to spend on R&D. This causes a readjustment of the financial statement and causes operating profits to go negative in the fourth year while making the last year less profitable. (See Table @HOC R&D)

Other attempts to adjust the financial statements only returned increasingly negative numbers. The revenue growth seems extremely optimistic and it also seems unusual that operating loss should increase each year and then suddenly reverse to great profits. Increasing revenues in correlation with the growth in net active users of the internet also yielded increasingly negative profits.

In finally settling on a valuation model we chose to identify the main value drivers of the company; employees and technology. Employees develop the technology and by extension a software company can only be as good as its employees. Additionally the cost of goods sold for software firms is extremely low with the primary expense being employee salaries. Therefore the number of employees in a firm can be used as a proxy to forecast revenues and costs.

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Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances.

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Bennett allows both Lesley, in Her Big Chance, and Irene, in A Lady of Letters to inform the audience of their inadequacies and situation, however this information is not blatantly confessioned. In the monologue format the slight comments and innocent detail betray the character and provide evidence of the lonely and unrewarding lives of the two women. Bennett depicts the women very differently, yet in many ways they are similar in their refusal to accept their problems.

Bennett shows both women desperately searching for a role. Lesley is portayed as forever trying to build a part. Capital letters are given to a previous unimportant part, in order to make Lesley feel more significant than she really is

Woman in a Musquash Coat.

Lesley tries to completely involve herself with all the action regarding the film. Bennett shows her insistence on adding her suggestions

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I just wanted to make it crystal clear that when I said briefcase I didnt mean the old-fashioned type ones...

Rather than admiring her persistence, we just begin to feel extremely irritated.

In A Lady of Letters Bennett stirs up irritation with Irene, in her persistent letter writing. Bennett capitalises on our initial irritation, he uses a crescendo effect continually telling us of the occasions on which Irene has felt it necessary to express herself in letters

I wrote to the crematorium...dashed off an answer forwith... I wrote to the council...

We are not told that Irene has nothing else to, although this is quite apparent. Bennett in allowing Irene to take it upon herself to produce these letters is letting her feel more important, as he does with Lesley.

The language Bennett uses for Irene indicates that perhaps she is pretentious. Irenes natural colloquial language is cleverly juxtaposed which phrases of learned speech by Bennett

..grief-stricken people do not expect to emerge from the Chapel of Rest to find grown men skulking in the rhododendrons with tab-ends in their mouths.

Bennett does not present Lesley as a pretentious character, but instead her strive to appear intellectual and cultured. This is apparent in the usage of foreign borrowings, in the Italian Ciao and the French Croissant. Technical jargon is used as part of Lesleys pretence of performance

..theres what they call a hair in the gate. Its film parlance for all clear.

Yet we are aware of Lesleys inability to act, not because she tells us, but because she is restricted to just one word in the film

..we tried it once or twice only Gunther then thought it would be more convincing if my headache was so bad I couldnt actually speak..

However, it does not seem that Lesley is actually neglecting to tell us that her line was cut here because she is such a bad actress, but that she does not tell us because she does not realise herself. Similarly in the clich

I didnt fall off the Christmas tree yesterday.

Lesley is shown pretending to be more clued up than she really is, if she knew what was happening she would not have slept with Spud.

Bennett presents Irene also believing she knows more than she really does. She believes that there is cruelty and neglect going on because there is No kiddy still and she has heard it crying. From this we learn of the way her judging things on appearances, without looking any deeper. Bennett shows this quite humorously in the fascination Irene holds for the lack of a table cover No cloth on.

Despite Irenes superficiality there is a certain degree of pathos in the situation. Bennett informs us that her so-called participation is because of she is lonely. We are told of her pen Its been a real friend, the indication here is that Irene does not infact have any friends or family that she can turn to for support. We know also that Mother bought it - there is a tone of reminiscence here that is particularly apparent on the video. The actress is almost fondling the pen. Her voice is slow and calm, with definite touch of humanity. The insinuation from all of this and Irenes current situation is that there was a certain degree of dependency between Irene and her mother.

Bennett depicts Lesleys escape from her solitude in her sleeping with numerous men. We do not really feel any sympathy towards her because she is shown to keep doing it. Bennett selects the metaphor

..the cat sitting there, watching the trout

to explain the way which Lesley falls into the trap. In this there is realisation of what she is doing, so the feelings of irritation are yet stronger. The audience can appreciate her embarrassment because of the technique that Bennett uses - glossing over the details

His rooms nicer than mine. His bathrooms got a hair-dryer.

The video shows her usual lively tone becoming quiet and slow, her body language follows the same pattern. It is obvious that Lesley has slept with this man, yet Bennett only allows her to obliquely reveal this.

It is only in the reported speech of the policeman that we comprehend all the trouble Irene has caused

Were asking you because who was it who was it wrote to the chemist saying his wife was a prostitute?

This not denied, but there is indeed a justification for it.

We learn in reported speech of the type of film Bennett has selected for Lesley, Spud talks of

...main girl...making videos...overseas market...West Germany..

To the reader/viewer this suggests porn. Lesley does not see this, Bennett again shows her lacking basic common sense. For her inadequacies Bennett refers her to an American book. One of the points in the book is purpose and use of name. Yet there is a definite over usage of names

Chess, Simon?...Well, Simon...Spectacles, Simon

This exhibits Lesleys superficially - she does not look deeper than names or appearances. If we look for the reasoning behind this we can realise that to a certain extent it is related to her job. Performance plays a big part of Lesleys life. The frequent use of the word interesting by Bennett in this monologue shows falseness and superficiality . Whereas the reason for the frequent use of the word little by Bennett establishes Irenes sense of modesty and we do not resent her in the slightest for it. Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances.Please note that this sample paper on Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances., we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Using Her Big Chance and any other monologue show how the central characters reveal obliquely their personalities and circumstances. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Karen Horney

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In Horney's book, New Ways In Psychoanalysis she significantly widened the limitations of Sigmund Freud's theories and prepared the theories to be obtainable to a wide-ranging public. Freud is considered the father of psychology and psychoanalysis. His theories are based on sexual instincts rather than biological. In Horney's book she disagrees with Freud's libido theory, views and emphasis of childhood, and female masochism. Horney emphasized the significance of communal, educational, and gender aspects in human maturity, disagreeing on Freud's focus on sexual disagreement as the origin of neurosis. Horney says, "Sexual problems, although they may sometimes prevail in the symptomatic picture, are no longer considered to be in the dynamic center of neuroses. Sexual difficulties are the effect rather than the cause of the neurotic character structure" (Horney p.10). These will be the three points discussed in the paper. It is important to know that she did base her beliefs on Freudian theory. She believed that change and contributions were necessary in order to further psychoanalysis. She believed that Freud did not pay attention to social factors that he emphasized physiological factors. Horney did agree with Freud that childhood is important to understand, however, she thought he spent an inordinate amount of time on it. Horney thought it was more important to find what in the past was causing the problem in the present not the psychosexual stages concentrated by Freud. Freud believed that masochism was natural to the female existence where as Horney believed masochism originated from personality conflicts. Her contributions and involvement in psychosomatic theory led her to be the first therapist to confront Freud's culture bound analysis of women. She believed that Freud's theories were made to explain the male's view and completely ignore female's view.

In Horney's book, New Ways in Psychoanalysis Horney rejected Freud's libido theory. Freud's libido theory is based on sexuality and its influence on the personality. Freud believed that all bodily sensations of a pleasurable nature, or strivings for them, are sexual in nature. Freud believed that after a baby nursed he/she felt the same sensation after someone having intercourse. Horney had her own theory about Freud's theory. Horney emphasized that woman's feelings of inferiority to men point to the defects in our society, and is not the result of women's lack of penis. "I realized… that my search for a better understanding had led me in directions that were at a variance with Freud. If so many factors that Freud regarded as instinctual were culturally determined, if so much that Freud considered libidinal was a neurotic need for affection, provoked by anxiety and aimed at feeling safe with others, then the libido theory was no longer tenable. Childhood experiences remained important, but the influence they exerted on our lives appeared in a new light" (Horney 1, p1). Horney questioned the role of gender in personality development and stressed the importance of society and culture as determining factors for normal and pathological development. Horney disagreed with Freud's penis envy. Horney believed that Freud was really detecting a women's justified envy of men's power in the world. While penis envy might occur occasionally in neurotic woman, she said womb envy occurs just as much in men. Horney felt that men were envious of a woman's ability to bear children. To the degree in which men are driven to succeed and to have their names live on. Horney believed that men compensated for their inherit ability to carry, nurture and bear children. Horney did not understand why Freud placed so much emphasis on the male anatomy. Furthermore, Horney desexualized Freud's oedipal complex, stating that clinging to one parent and jealousy of the other was simply the result of anxiety caused by a disturbance in the parent-child relationship. "When we realize the great impact of cultural conditions on neuroses, the biological and physiological conditions, which are considered by Freud to be their root, recede in to the background" (Horney 1, p.1) .

Horney did agree with Freud on the importance of anxiety-provoking childhood experiences in the development of maladjustment. However, Horney did not agree with Freud's theory of primary narcissism, infantile fixation, and repetition compulsion theories. Anxiety became a central aspect of Horney's theory, accounting for the personality's defensive and security operations. Horney believed that oral, anal, and genital drives do not exist in all human beings. Horney believed that the compulsive drive was not based on satisfying sexual instincts as Freud did, but to provide safety from feelings of isolation, helplessness, fear, and hostility. She did not question the influence of childhood development, but how it operated. Horney believed that adverse experiences in childhood affected development… "Let us say, anticipating evil rather than good, the old experiences enter directly into adult ones" (Horney 1 p15). She believed that all childhood experiences develop the personality not sexual instincts "the sum total of childhood experiences brings about a certain character structure, or rather starts its development" (Horney 1, p.67).

Horney also disagrees with Freud's theory that women are masochistic the desire to be hurt, even physically, a probable source of the myth that women wish to be raped. Horney states, "Masochistic drives are neither an essentially sexual phenomenon nor the result of biologically determined processes, but originate in personality conflicts" ( Horney 1, p. 80). Freud believed that masochism was natural to female existence. Freud's purpose was to discover the internal psychic reasons for the realities he observed. His theory, stated briefly, was that the original anatomical structure of both sexes was male which remains obvious in the boy (the penis) and in the girl (the clitoris). When children discover the difference between the sexes by seeing the external difference, girls suffer shock, they have no penis. Girls then envy the boys, loose their sadistic-aggressive tendencies, and develop feelings of inferiority. In the same experience, boys, however, find their aggressive self-confidence. Girls turn to their fathers in order to make up for their deficiencies. The girls think that the father relates to the boys because of the physical differences. Then the girls feelings of inferiority are greater and the fear of not being loved deepens their dependent relationship towards men. The relationship that the girls have towards females is resentment. Identity is tied to the loss of maleness, which can only be regained through the birth of a son. If girls are to have anything enjoyable, she must get over the chain of masochistic frustrations. Freud believed that male masochism is pathological; the female form is the normal psychic consequence of the difference of anatomy. Horney believed that Freud's view of female masochism stems not from Freud, the Psychoanalysis, but from Freud, the boy.

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Horney observed that her uncertainties about Freud's theories regarding women caused doubts concerning his theory as correct. After she immigrated to the United States in the 10's, these qualms were established in her book, New Ways in Psychoanalysis. Many of her colleagues said the she was abandoning the spirit of psychoanalysis.Please note that this sample paper on Karen Horney is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Karen Horney, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Karen Horney will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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