Stalin's Rule Coursework 2 Question 3 – "Throughout his rule of the USSR, Stalin retained the support of the Russian people"- Is there sufficient evidence in Sources A to H to support this interpretation?

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In this essay I will be looking at sources A through I and determining for each source whether or not it agrees with the statement "Throughout his rule of the USSR, Stalin retained the support of the Russian people" I will answer using the sources and my own knowledge.

Source A totally agrees with the statement. It is written in the year Stalin died, by the American journalist Walter Duranty. He thought that Stalin was the man to get Russia back on its feet. He supports this argument with such sentences such as "Am I wrong in believing Stalin is the greatest living statesman?" he lists all of Stalins good points, and achievements, such as the 5 year plans. This means that this source shows how popular Stalin was, even with people who aren't from Russia, and how famous he was worldwide. The bad thing about this source is that it shows none of his bad points. This source was only 1 person's opinion of Stalin, and does not represent the whole of the United States opinion. Most Americans were anti communism, and hated Stalin, and as Duranty spent time in Russia, he was probably swayed by the cult of Stalin to be biased towards him. This shows that although Stalin had many supporters, he still had to rely on propaganda to make him as popular as he was. Source B is an example of this. It is a painting of Stalin, standing with workers in front of a dam, which represents the 5-year plans. Stalin is talking to the workers, like he is their friend. It is painted by a Russian artist, and shows how Stalin would like himself to be portrayed. This backs up what Duranty said in source A, and shows Stalin in all his glory. However, again, it does not show Stalins bad points. Stalin would vary rarely treat workers as if they were friends, he used to torture them to get them to work, he forced labour upon them. He killed the workers he didn't like. As this source is blatant propaganda, it is one sided towards Stalin. It is proven that Stalin never had much contact with his workers, which helps us to prove that this is propaganda. It is by a soviet artist, who would have been influenced by the cult of Stalin to paint this one sided picture, and its main use is to show us how the cult of Stalin effected people.

Source C could also be linked to source A, in the way that it supports communism. It is an extract from Stalins biography, written by G F Alexandrov, a Russian who was undoubtedly effected by the cult of Stalin. We can see this in the first line of the extract "Stalin is the genius, the leader and teacher… captain of army's…" Stalin is described as the "Lenin of today" , Lenin of course saving Russia. This source shows how Stalin was seen by his people, because it was written by a soviet under the influence of Stalins propaganda, therefore only commenting on the good side of Stalin. This source does not give any bad points at all about Stalin, due to the propaganda used, and it also does not show any of his achievements. This may be because they felt that Stalin was so popular that he didn't need to list his achievements to be great. This source was written close to the death of Stalin, and gives us no information about how people felt when Stalin first stepped up.

Source E is an extract from a British newspaper, the guardian, the day after Stalin died. Even though most British people hated Stalin, the newspaper gives a fair view, and gives a reason from both points of view, but leans more towards Stalins favour. It says that he transformed Russia from a backward country into a major world power, which is a magnificent achievement. The source may have been a bit biased towards Stalin because it was the day after he had died, and they felt sympathetic towards him, but this is highly unlikely. The only downside to the source is that it gives no clue whether Stalins people supported him or not, but we could answer yes to this question because if British people are supporting him, surely his own country would be supporting him as well. It gives his achievements and his downsides, which makes it an unbiased source, and this helps us understand that even though his fans knew that Stalin wasn't perfect, they were still willing to follow him.

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Source G is a photograph of Stalins 70th birthday celebration, it shows millions of people gathering to celebrate Stalin. This is useful because it shows us how many people came to celebrate Stalin out of their own choice, without anyone forcing them too. This source has many disadvantages though, on the colour version of the picture, the crowd look quite false, and even if this is an unedited photo, it only shows 1 town, the celebrations might not have been as widespread as the source makes out. This source could be linked to source B, because it is another example of Stalins propaganda, in this photo he has made himself look superior to the public.

Looking at all the knowledge I have gained, it seems that Stalin did have lots of supporters, but whereas most of his support was gained through propaganda, the cult of Stalin, and tricks, only a small percentage were supporters because of his actions. The evident truth about Stalin was that he was not a very nice person, who found himself to be above everyone else, he used to kill all his enemies, and labour his workers, as we will now find out. I will now look at all the sources that oppose Stalin.

Source D is the first source that disagrees with him. It is a French poster, used to steer people away from the cult of Stalin. It pictures Stalin leaning against a building, with slaves at gunpoint, dragging huge blocks that are twice as tall as the slaves. This source shows Stalin as a violent dictator, who only did things when he could see what was in it for him. The fact that we know about the purges and secret police supports this source. Stalin controlled most of his workers through forced labour, as this source suggests. Workers were also threatened by the fact that if they did not work to a good enough level they lost their homes, money, and everything else, so this source could be classed as true, but we are deterred by the fact that it is produced in France, so it is most likely to be biased, because the French government were scared of communism and wanted to deter it in as many ways as possible. The downside to this source is that it does not show the upsides of Stalin, and how he rewarded hard workers (stackanovites). This is an example of French propaganda, which is anti Stalin instead or for Stalin. This source was written in Stalins early rule, so they knew nothing about Stalins success of the 5 year plans, which happened later on in his career.

Source H is a speech written by a member of the communist party, years after Stalins death. It describes Stalin in the worst possible light, calling him brutal, violent, and distrustful. It talks about the way he used propaganda to his own advantage, which can be seen in the other sources. All of the evidence against Stalin in this source, can be found in other sources, e.g. use of propaganda, the cult of Stalin. This source shows us that in his later years, Stalin did not have as much support as he had at the height of his career, and that even though he removed his opposition, he still had opposition within his own party. Although because a communist wrote this, it has little chance of being biased, they are more likely to tell the truth, but we must take in mind that this is only 1 persons opinion within the party, there would be people arguing against the person who wrote the speech.

Source F is different to all the others, it is written by Stalins own daughter. She is totally unbiased, and just describes how he used his power to get to the top. She describes his rule as a "bloodbath of absolute dictatorship" but she also says that he was neither insane nor mislead. She says that he had the support of Russia, but only gained I through evil doings and propaganda. This is backed up by lots of the other sources, and things that Stalin did, such as the purges.

Looking at all the sources and evidence I have looked at, I think that I can come to the conclusion that yes, throughout Stalins dictatorship, he was widely supported, but most of this came from his propaganda and the cult of Stalin, and very few people were actually following Stalin for the achievements he did. We must also comment on the fact that we do not have any evidence to tell us whether or not the cult of Stalin continued after he died.

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Transformation of demeanor and scarlet letter

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We always question those people who commit adultery on their partners; we wonder why would you do such a thing to someone you love? Usually when it happens it is not really known around your town unless you happen to be a well-known important person. How would you feel if your town knew that you had committed adultery even though you were just an average citizen, what if you had to stand in the town square and be embarrassed by your actions? Would you be strong -willed or would you let them get to you and make you weak? Let's add on another factor, what if you had to wear a letter representing adultery that was to adorn your breast everyday of you life? Would you be able to make a transformation not only of yourself, but also of the meaning of the letter? Hester Prynne faces this exact scenario in the novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter. Throughout the novel, Hester's demeanor changes along with the transformation of the meaning of the scarlet letter.

In the beginning of the novel we get a sense early on of how Hester feels about her crime, along with how the rest of the town views her. We see the description of the scene, "The unhappy culprit sustained herself as best a woman might, under the heavy weight of a thousand unrelenting eyes, all fastened upon her, and concentrated at her bosom…" (5). This description really sets the scene of how harsh these conditions are in which Hester has to face. We come to the understanding that she knows she has done wrong, but yet she remains to stand up to these people. With the statement, "…a thousand unrelenting eyes, all fastened upon" the use of the word unrelenting shows that the people were not letting up, they were giving Hester long stern looks for what she has done wrong. They stare at her bosom, fastened to it, just like the scarlet letter is, attached to her and never really coming off. As it stands at this moment the scarlet letter A has a full meaning of adultery. Everybody in the town looks down upon her knowing exactly what she has done, nobody is giving the letter another meaning. As for Hester's demeanor she is confident when walking out of the prison, she is standing on her own firm ground. She is confident enough that she does not bow her head in shame; she takes her punishment like a real woman. She is not crying or feeling any less than what she should. She is very assertive in her feelings and where she stands. It is very important to watch the transformation of Hester from now to the end of the novel.

After she faces the total humiliation in the market place, Hester knows that she must continue on with life. At this point in time, the burn or the feel of the letter is hot and very much still there. We see that the scarlet letter will maintain its significance for some time yet. The citizens of the town have the thought of Hester Prynne's crime vivid in their mind; they are in no way letting up this early in the game. What is important now is how Hester deals with the situation

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"…where she was made the common infamy, at which all mankind was summoned to point its finger…. But now, with this unattended walk from her prison-door, began the daily custom; and she must either sustain and carry it forward by the ordinary resources of her nature, or sink beneath it….To- morrow would bring its own trial with it; so would the next day, and so would the next; each its own trial, and yet the very same that was now so utterably grievous to be borne. The days of the far-off future would toil onward, still with the same burden for her to take up, and bear along with her, but never to fling down…" (81-8).

She now must face the town, but yet try to remain strong. With the scarlet letter adorning her bosom all the citizens did point their finger acknowledging the fact that she was a disgrace to the town due to her evil reputation. Now more than ever she must sustain the same confidence that she did when she first walked out of the prison. The word "unattended" in this scenario signifies that she must keep her strong -will even though she is not publicly humiliated as she was when she first walked out. From this day forward it is essential for Hester to maintain that assertiveness so that she will remain a lively person. Otherwise she will have let the citizens win and end up being below them. Everyday she will live with the scarlet letter on her bosom; the challenge for Hester will be confronting the different people she meets daily and sustaining her confidence.

At this point we start to see the scarlet letter make a transformation along with Hester's demeanor. Now that Hester has lived with the letter for sometime, the harshness of it has seemed to die down a bit, "The letter was her calling. Such helpfulness was found in her, so much power to do, and power to sympathize, that many people refuse to interpret the scarlet A by its original significance. They said that it meant Able, so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman's strength" (167-68). When we look at the first statement, "The letter was her calling." we now get the sense that all this happened for a reason. She was meant to have this all happen to her, she was meant to turn around her life by the scarlet letter. The letter gave Hester the power not to let the scarlet letter ruin her life forever, the letter convinced her to help others out. Hester could be found in town helping the poor people out, she is in no way letting anybody or anything stop her. Because she is in the town making something of herself the citizens see this and now come to the understanding that she may not be as bad as she is set out to be, thus they now see the letter stand for Able, rather than adultery. Not only does Nathaniel Hawthorne use the word strong, but also he later uses the phrase "a woman's strength." In the time of when this novel is set women to have strength of their own was really never seen, it had always been the men who were strong. Because Dimmesdale has yet to come clean there is no man involved, only a woman, therefore only reiterating how much greater a woman's strength is without a man in her life.

When Reverend Dimmesdale and Hester meet up again so many years after the incident their love becomes rekindled. When they meet on the pathway we are very surprised at what we read, "So speaking, she undid the clasp that fastened the scarlet letter, and, taking it from her bosom, threw it…. The stigma gone, Hester heaved a long, deep sigh, in which the burden of shame and anguish departed from her spirit." (11-1). We now see the Hester come to sort of a breaking point. A point where she no longer wants to neither feel the wrath of everyone nor feel the pain of the scarlet letter. With "she undid the clasp that fastened the scarlet letter…" not only do we get the sense that she is taking off the letter, but also the sense that she is taking off the eyes of all the people, taking off the burden. The way that Nathaniel Hawthorne describes her actions, step by step, we really understand how serious this move is. Once the letter is gone we see how the burden was really lifted. The use of the word stigma along with anguish shows the severity of her pain. Since she has had the scarlet letter on for so long she does not remember how it feels without it, she doesn't remember what its like to live a normal life.

We know that she did return the letter to her bosom after Pearl had seen her without it on. At the end of the novel we see, "Never afterwards did it quit her bosom. But, in the lapse of the toilsome… the scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma, which attracted the world's scorn and bitterness…. Hester had vainly imagined that she herself might be the destined prophetess… burdened with a life long sorrow" (7-74). Lets first look at the words Nathaniel Hawthorne uses at the end of his novel, toilsome, lapse, stigma, scorn, bitter, vainly, and prophetess. These alone give us the underlying feeling of hurt and a never-ending pain. If we look at this again putting in more familiar words we understand that the scarlet letter will never leave her bosom, whether it is seen or not. We get the sense that in the decline of the hardships that Hester had to go through the people weren't as fascinated by the scarlet letter. No longer was it a mark, which attracted the world's dislike, after all they did give the scarlet letter a different meaning. In the end Hester had never really thought that her fate was to lead her to be gifted with more spiritual and moral insight. This really brings us to a complete 180. Hester is now a much smarter and stronger person. She has learned a great deal in having the scarlet letter on her bosom, she also sees herself in a different light. She realizes that she has made it through and overcome the staring and the remarks made by everybody around her. If she made it through this she knows that she can make it through everything else. Never did anyone think for one moment that the scarlet letter would prove to be transformed from something bad to something good. Only a strong woman such as Hester Prynne could do such a thing.

We have definitely seen a major change from beginning to end. At the start of the novel Hester had been rather confident, but yet knew her sin very well, the scarlet letter held its full meaning of adultery. We then saw Hester take it out into the real world and make something good of it; she now was helping people out and changing the meaning of the letter from adultery to able. She finally came around to realize that this letter had played a major role in changing who she is, she learned a great deal and also learned to look life in the eyes and realize that she has come out on top.

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Indian Captive Narratives

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Indian Captive Narratives

A narrative's perspective relies souly on the narrators point of view. Two stories with similar circumstances and events can have adverse affects on it's reader. Point of view can single handedly determine the mood and tone the story will take on. Similar and even parallel stories with completely different objectives leave us with an especially great opportunity to take a critical view of its' characters through compare and contrast methods. This is particularly true in The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and Catherine Sedgwick's Hope Leslie. These accounts retell the tale of English settlers and their experiences as both the captive and captor. Mary Rowlandson however, takes a much more critical view of the Native Americans, and opposed to the much more forgiving Hope Leslie. Mary Rowlandson's character shares a remarkably similar experience with Magawisca , the Indian girl in Hope Leslie. Both stories take place during the King Phillip wars, and both specifically involve the Pequod Indians. Both girls were dragged from their homes, traumatized by witnessing the slaughter of their loved ones, and forced to survive for a substantial amount of time amongst the enemy. Even through these parallel circumstances, these two remarkable young women retain their own very distinct characteristics. Although their circumstances are alike, their countenance proves to be completely opposite. At first glance, it is almost safe to say that the "heathen" Magawisca was given the moral victory over her enemies more so than the Christian Mary Rowlandson. The remarkable course of events that occurs after their captivity proves to be the defining factor in determining the strength of their characters. Both women arise victoriously, but because of the authors' objectives, one just seems to do it with a little more compassion and grace.

Mary Rowlandson's The Narrative of the Captivity and restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, is her Puritan testimony to the grace and goodness of God who had delivered her from her enemies. She is a young settler woman of great faith ,living with her husband and family on their small farm. After her captivity, her faith seems to be her deciding factor in her will to live. She witnesses the murder of her sister, as well as some of her sister's children. Her own 6 year old child dies in her arms days after captivity, and has no knowledge of the whereabouts of her other children and husband. All is lost except for a small bible which is kindly bestowed upon her not by the Indian who handed it to her, but as she perceived it, the grace of God. She has the will to survive, but seems to lacks any Christian intuition to be a living example of Gods goodness. Although she remains faithful to God's word, her anger and hostility towards her demon captors controls her attitude throughout the narrative. God's word gives her hope, but it dose not give her strength to love her enemies, or even show them kindness. She does not become a living testimony until she is back amongst her own Puritan brethren. At no point of the narrative does she prove to be a representation of all that God stood for. Mary was never able to hold the Indians in any regard other than heathens. Her faith almost blinded her in a sense, from being able to distinguish God's goodness from the heathens' genuine kindness. All reference to her captors is held in a negative light. All kindness that was shown to her was God's work. Even the Christian Indians or "Praying Indians," as she referred to them as, were not worthy of her acceptance. Her faith was astounding but her attitude never once reflected true Christian values.

Magawisca and her circumstances however similar to Mary's they may be, took a completely different approach in her attitude as a captive. Magawisca's whole tribe was pillaged and burned to the ground. Almost everyone she new and loved was brutally murdered by the English army. The narrative even briefly mentions people flinging their bodies into the flames in attempt to avoid their fate at the hands of an Englishmen. As a result of Magawisca's father's status, her and her brother were taken into captivity instead of being slaughtered with the rest. Magawisca is no stranger to the hardships of captivity. She has lost everything she loves, and yet she perseveres above the bondage of hate, and does not blame her captors who are otherwise very kind to her. She even befriends her new master's son, Everell, and confides in him the traumatic events leading up to her capture. Magawisca even goes so far as to have feelings for her English oppressors, and looses her own limb in attempt to rescue Everell from her fathers wrath. Her misfortune in life does not blind her from seeing the goodness in others, despite their race or involvement in King Phillip's war. Despite her "heathen" background, she retains more admirable Christian qualities that Mary Rowlandson's pious character.

Many different factors are responsible for this vast difference in attitudes the characters emanate. Mary Rowlandson is a non-fictional Puritan character who retells her own experiences among the Indians. It is not however a personal narrative, but a shaped narrative with a particular motive to the Puritan divine community to be a living testimony to the Mercy of God. The narrative was never intended to be a recount of her own emotions and actions, but simply to bear witness to how God provided for her and how his sovereignty and Goodness delivered her from her many trials and tribulations. Her anger is towards the Indian is derived from her own personal dealings with them. It is not an imaginative recreation as in Hope Leslie. Mary Rowlandson's account also bears a great deal of historical reference to the mind set of the racist puritan community at he time of the narrative's publication. Mary Rowlandson's character is not as romantics, or even as Christian as Magawisca's, but it is accurate. Mary Rowlandson was a real person, and these were her real feelings towards native Americans however bias and narrow they may be. Considering the death of her six year old child in her arms, it is reasonable to boast that they are justified.

Catherine Maria Sedgewick, the author of Hope Leslie, and creator of the character "Magawisca," had never herself been held captive. Some major themes and historical perspectives she held greatly influence the comparison between Magawisca and Mary Rowlandson. Sedgwick's writings seem to hold a great deal of sympathy for the Indians being destroyed by English settlers. Mary Rowladson's narrative appears to have overlooked the binary opposition existing between civilization and savagism, while Hope Leslie strongly represents both. However, in direct contrast to Mary Rowlandson's character, Magawisca, is a romantically nostalgic heroine princess who saves the Englishman in Sedgwick's attempt to overcome peoples preconceived notion of Indians at the time of publication. It was Sedgwick's personal strive for liberty and independence from the Puritan magistrate that gives Magawisca's character her outstandingly unbiased personality. Magawisca was Sedgwick's attempt to depart from Puritan racism while Mary Rowlandson embraced it. Although the circumstances are extremely similar, it is apparent that the two characters originate on two very different playing fields.

As it turns out, these two similar characters happen to be a reflection of their two completely opposite authors. The characters' attitudes had to be contrary to one another, because the author's objectives were. While Sedgwick wished to rebel against the Puritan beliefs, Rowlandson only wished to embrace it. Sedgwick's goal was to overcome the narrow mindset that many of her peers held towards Indians, while Rowlandson 's testimony only reinforces it. Rowlandsons justification lye within her sincere puritan belief that God was the only determining factor in her survival, and the fact that she lived through the traumatic experience herself. That factor alone entitles her to justly harbor any animosity towards her Indian Captors. Sedgwick's attempt to undo the biased views of her time are also justified. She did so by showing the other side of the English/Indian opposition and maybe even exaggerated the goodness of Magawisca's character to make its impact successful. This does however cause Mary Rowlandson's opinions to be harsh and unjust, until it is looked at with a critical eye. Rowlandson's attitude towards the Indians was not necessary in fulfilling the narratives objective. Therefore, it becomes understandable why her countenance appeared rash and her demeanor did not seem aligned with Christian forgiveness.

Both authors had an objective to fufill through their character, and both authors successfully achieved their objective. When the characters are compared taken out of their context, Magawisca appears to be the moral victor. When the characters are placed in correct context, and the authors' objective for the narrative is kept in mind, both characters met their goal victoriously.

Please note that this sample paper on Indian Captive Narratives is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Indian Captive Narratives, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Indian Captive Narratives will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Philosophy: In reaction to Mill

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Throughout human history philosophy, religion and critical thinking has attempted to answer the question What about humanity makes us different to lesser beings? Mill argues, "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, is a different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides."

To agree with Mill's statement one can argue that with dissatisfaction in human beings, one has the awareness and the faculties to realise that one is dissatisfied and then to perhaps do something to bring about a change so as to change the state of satisfaction. This awareness of dissatisfaction of a state of existence is an essential human characteristic and is very much along the same lines of "I think, therefore I am."

This higher consciousness or awareness, having human qualities or characteristics has many positives, which give us the ability to both individually and collectively advance the human race.

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Dissatisfied humans are also preferable to contented pigs because dissatisfaction can be the motivation, the spur, and the drive to advance and prosper. Without this motivating factor, much of human innovation and invention would not have been achieved.

Furthermore along lines of dissatisfied humans being a better state than content pigs, Mill attributes this characteristic to being most likely stemming from a sense of human dignity, which according to Mill is also most likely in proportion to higher faculties. Thus using the above logic, it would also thus be preferable to be a dissatisfied human because it is symbolic of the dignity and humility of a conscientised human being.

One can maintain that it is better to be a human who is of advanced faculties and dissatisfied than a fool who is happy because the fool may not be aware of all the issues that may pertain to his existence, while the philosopher who is unhappy might have full awareness. Consequently, the fool may believe he is happy, when he really is not. It could just be that the fool does not have the full knowledge, consciousness and mental faculty to realise why he is happy, when in fact he really should not be the happiness or satisfaction could just be an illusion, a false knowledge of how the world is. But because the fool is a lower being, he does not realise this. Thus it is better to be a philosopher who is fully aware and not be happy because he has full awareness and the skill to realise that the world as it is. It is better to be dissatisfied because at least then any emotion is not illusionary or false and therefore the philosopher is not duped into false emotion, whether self-imposed or not.

The dissatisfied with an unhappy existence (versus satisfaction with an unhappy existence) will also be a drawing mechanism to generate solutions to change the situation so as to bring satisfaction, and so advance human knowledge.

However, when changes are brought, the philosopher would then have to guard against contentedness, as the new shape of existence could bring it and more people would be dissatisfied as satisfied.

Furthermore, if it is better to be a dissatisfied Socrates than a satisfied fool (or pig) when one considers mental and intellectual enslavement attempts, co-option by authorization regimes, globalisation, rapid consumerism and the increasing loss of the spiritual and the intellectual in modern society. It is better to be the dissatisfied Socrates and possess the accompanying higher mental faculties. Thus possessing the ability to see through the attempts (when they are made) by modern dominant States to pull the wool over their citizen's eyes, or keep people satisfied through the consumer society, preventing civil society from functioning and questioning decisions made by government and State.

The dissatisfied Socrates in this instance has the ability to realise what the State would be attempting to do, or what the State is doing. He would be able to formulate counter measures, discuss issues, raise awareness, etc. In effect, the dissatisfied Socrates has the ability to raise awareness and generate critical thought (Habermas in MacIsaac, 16) which could bring other dissatisfied Socrates' into the equation, creating an activist movement and challenging the status quo, also providing a counter measure to the State which is vital to a healthy, intellectual, questioning modern society.

Besides political and civil society advantages to having dissatisfied Socrates in society, a dissatisfied Socrates with a questioning mind and non-contentedness is vital to the advancement of science, philosophy and the sum of human knowledge.

On the flip side when one considers why it is not better to be a dissatisfied Socrates one can argue that the lower being, with less need to question and with the disposition of being content and satisfied, is happy with where s/he is at, and is content with having all needs cared for. Thus, a question can be posed What is wrong with being content, even though you are not a dissatisfied Socrates?

Even if one is not fully aware of all the issues at stake, what would make one happy is different from what would make a dissatisfied Socrates happy (and easier to achieve), is there something wrong with being satisfied, even in this situation?

Is it not easier, and in a way more freeing to not be bogged down by issues, concerns and worries, and just be content with what ones life has to offer?

The best pop culture reference would be from the movie The Matix where the human beings of the earth are enslaved and controlled by machines. The humans that live in this "Matrix" are satisfied even though they are unaware that they are actually being controlled. Further using this example, one member of a small group of humans who have escaped this robot controlled life, actually wants to be happy and satisfied and chooses ignorance and thus makes a deal with the machines to be placed back into the false world and to not know the truth about the 'matrix'.

From this example one leads to ignorance is bliss. Choosing to not know the machine system is controlling him and that modern society is better for him as he is happier, even though he is fully aware that the 'matrix' is a human enslaver.

This is similar to the theme is George Orwell's 184, where one of the party in Oceania's slogan is IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. In this thinking, not knowing, not being aware of the issues and not being bogged down by issues and decisions is a freedom in its own way. The ignorance of these issues is a strength, so the ignorance provides a comfort of its own. Thus some people may choose (albeit unconsciously perhaps) to be the satisfied pig, which provides a liberty and freedom of its own kind.

The dissatisfied Socrates may be intellectually superior and Mill's statement certainly attests to that. Also, there is an implicit value judgement also being made that it is far better to be the Socrates than the fool/pig, and the former is what we would strive for. However, this may not be so. Advancement of human thought and intellectual capacity is what society teaches us, and thus positive attributes are attached to being a dissatisfied Socrates. There is though a converse perspective to this that does not have the positive judgements attached (of being a happy fool/pig). Because it does not have these positive attributes, it is not valued by society and is therefore seen as 'less good'. But why should we value one system above the other just because society has taught us so?

Why should there be a hierarchy of values in being one or the other? Can it not just be two different sets of values, which people choose?

One understands that Mill's research and views are informed by his personal subjectivity, philosophy and experiences and the way it impacted on his writing. Mill could have come from a background of affluence and protestant work ethic, which must have in some way had an effect on his views. The majority of society in the time of Mill (which still applies to modern day) was a poverty stricken one. An important question to ask of this type of society is if they had the capacity, opportunity, skills and above all the luxury to become the dissatisfied Socrates. The obvious answer is that they do not. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Zimbardo, 1) a society in this situation would mostly be worried about their need for food and water and once that that need has been fulfilled they would move up to being worried about their safety and protection. And once that this was fulfilled they would move higher up the hierarchy and so on. But there needs would never be fulfilled enough for them to go very high up the order and they would never reach 'self-actualisation' and become the dissatisfied Socrates as they would have greater needs more important to them.

Finally in conclusion and in answer to Mill's statement I agree that the 'ideal' state for human endeavour is to operate on the side of the dissatisfied Socrates because that is how humanity advances, progresses and develops as well as what separates us from lesser beings and animals. But this conclusion is drawn with the qualifiers that when being a dissatisfied Socrates it does not affect one in a negative manner so that it leads to becoming something bad so as to be satisfied with ones situation such, for example, as in the case of Hitler who caused so much destruction so that he could be satisfied, and also not all of society has the luxury and capability to become the dissatisfied Socrates because they have other more important needs in their view.

References

Humphries, B. (17) From Critical thought to Emancipatory Action Contradictory Research Goals? Sociology Research Online. Available http//socresonline.organisation.uk/socresonline//1/.html [8/0/001]

MacIsaac. (16). The Critical Theory of Jurgen Habermas. Sorce Unknown. Available http//physics.nau.edu/~danmac [8/0/001]

Mill, JS. 18-Century. Utilitarianism Publishers Unknown

Orwell, G. 14. Nineteen Eight-Four. Secker and Warburg Publishers.

Zimbardo, P.G. 1. Psychology and Life. New York Harper Collins

Please note that this sample paper on Philosophy: In reaction to Mill is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Philosophy: In reaction to Mill, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Philosophy: In reaction to Mill will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Romeo and Juliet: How First Love Can Lead To Strange Behaviour

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Romeo And Juliet First Love Can Lead To Strange Behaviour

They say falling in love could change a person. Have you ever experienced first love and noticed a change in your life, for the good and for the bad? Some say that the effects of love can make people act a lot differently than they usually would. In the story of Romeo And Juliet, by William Shakespeare, first love leads to strange behaviour. The readers were introduced to the characters of Romeo, a Montague, and Juliet, a Capulet. The children of the two prominent families living in Verona, Italy. The feud between the families interfered with the love Romeo and Juliet had for one another and led to their strange behaviour. Romeo and Juliet had only known one another for the duration of four days and rushed into marriage. They made very irrational decisions when they were faced with problems concerning their relationship. In the end, they both end up killing themselves because they really believed they were in love and could not live another day without being together.

In the beginning of the story Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is depressed and is not up for going to the Capulet party with his friends because he loved a woman named Rosaline who did not love him back. Romeo's friends even told him that there was far more beautiful woman in Verona. Still he felt as if he loved her and she is his world.

"Well, in that hit you miss. She'll not be hit

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With Cupids arrow; she hath Dian's wit;

And, in strong proof of chasity well arm'd,

From love's weak childish bow she lives unharm'd

She will not stay the siege of loving terms,

Nor bide the encounter of assailing eyes,

Nor ope her lap to saint-seducing gold.

O, she is rich in beauty, only poor

That, when she dies. With beauty dies her store." (Act 1, scene 1, 05-1)

Next, before meeting Romeo, County Paris asked Lord Capulet to marry Juliet, However she told her parents that she is not thinking of marriage. At the Capulet party, Romeo and Juliet have their first meeting. When Romeo first spotted Juliet, he immediately forgot about Rosaline.

"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!

It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night

Like a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear;

Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear!

So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows,

As yonder lady o'er her fellows shows.

The measure done, I'll watch her place of stand,

And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand.

Did my heart love till now? Forswear it sight!

For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night." (Act 1, Scene 5, 46-5)

Romeo found out that Juliet is a Capulet, but they still instantly fell in "love", even though they just met. Romeo and Juliet's rush into a relationship was an example of their strange behaviour. In the beginning of the story, they were both involved in other things. For Romeo Rosaline, and for Juliet, considering marriage to County Paris. They met and they instantly claimed they were in love. One would think that it would be impossible for two people to fall in love so quickly. Especially for Romeo, who had loved Rosaline, and easily forgot about her. Likewise, for Juliet, who was asked to consider marriage to County Paris.

Next, after Romeo and Juliet meet at the Capulet party, Romeo stayed at the Capulet mansion even though the party was over. He was under Juliet's balcony, where he heard her claim her love for him. Romeo made his presence known and after their conversation, they agreed to get married the next day even though their families hated each other. Secondly, after Romeo and Juliet's marriage, Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, kills Romeo's friend Mercutio. For revenge, Romeo killed Tybalt, forgetting about his marriage to Juliet. The Prince arrived at the scene and declared Romeo's banishment from Verona. Romeo went to Friar Laurence for advice; it was there Romeo threatened to kill himself if he could not be with Juliet. Lastly, Juliet heard of Tybalt's death and Romeo's banishment, but while mourning over the death of her cousin, she cried more about the banishment of Romeo.

"Shall I speak ill of him that is my husband?

Ah, poor my lord, what tongue shall smooth thy name,

When I, they three-hours wife, have mangled it?

But wherefore, villain, didst thou kill my cousin?

That villain cousin would have kill'd my husband.

Back, foolish tears, back to your native spring;

Your tributary drops belong to woe

Which you, mistaking, offer up to joy.

My husband lives, that Tybalt would have slain;

And Tybalt's dead, that would have slain my husband.

All this comfort; wherefore weep I then?

Some word there was, worser than Tybalt's death,

That murder'd me; I would forget it fain;

But, O, it progress to my memory

Like damned guilty deeds to sinners' minds

"Tybalt is dead and Romeobanished."

That "banished," that one word "banished,"

Hath slain ten thousand Tybalts. Tybalt's death

Was woe enough, if it had ended there;

And needly will be rank'd with other griefs,

Why follow'd not, when she said, "Tybalt's dead,"

Thy father, or thy mother, nay, or both,

Which modern lamentation might have moved?

But with a rearward following Tybalt's death,

"Romeo is banished," to speak that word,

Is father, mother, Tybalt, Romeo, Juliet,

All slain, all dead. "Romeo is banished!"

There is no end, no limit, measure, bound,

In that word's death; no words can that woe sound.

Where is my father and my mother, nurse?" (Act , Scene , 7-17)

At first Romeo was in love with Rosaline and then immediately forgot about her and fell in love and married Juliet. Also, Juliet had told her parents that she did not want to consider marriage yet, but she had married Romeo. Romeo had killed Juliet's cousin but instead she cried about his banishment even though he was not dead and her cousin who she loved longer was actually dead. One would think that Juliet would be angrier with Romeo considering that she loved her cousin Tybalt. He was apart of her family, and since he and Juliet were married, Romeo's family too. It was a very irrational decision for Romeo to seek retribution for Mercutio's death. Also one would think Juliet was being very inconsiderate towards the situation because after all, Romeo's punishment was very light compared to death. These examples point to the strange behaviour of both Romeo and Juliet.

Finally, after Romeo's banishment, County Paris went back to Lord Capulet and asked for Juliet's hand in marriage. This time Lord Capulet accepted his offer, not knowing Juliet was already married. He thought that would bring her some happiness after her cousin's death. Juliet does not want to accept Paris's offer but Lord Capulet warned her if she did not marry County Paris, he would disown her. Juliet went to Friar Laurence for advice, after her lost trust in her nurse. He gave her a potion to make her appear dead for a number of hours, so she could prevent getting married to County Paris. Therefore, when she was lying in the Capulet monument, Romeo could come for her and take her to Mantua with him. Meanwhile in Mantua, Romeo received word that Juliet was dead, not having received the letter from Friar Laurence informing him of the plan. Romeo purchased some poison and killed himself when in the monument with Juliet.

"…Ah, dear Juliet,

Why art thou yet so fair? Shall I believe

That unsubstantial death is amorous,

And that the lean abhorred monster keeps

Thee here in dark to be his paramour?

For fear of that, I still will stay with thee,

And never from this palace of dim night

Depart again. Here, here will I remain

With worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, here

Will I set up my everlasting rest,

And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars

From this world-wearied flesh. Eyes, look your last!

Arms, take your last embrace! and, lips, O you

The doors of breath, seal with righteous kiss

A dateless bargain to engrossing Death!

Come, bitter conduct, come unsavoury guide!

Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on

The dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark!

Here's to my love! O true apothecary!

Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die." (Act 5, Scene , 101-10)

Later Juliet woke up to find Romeo's dead body near her. She kissed his lips, hoping to die from the residue of poison. It did not work, so Juliet took Romeo's dagger and stabbed herself. Therefore, this shows the strange behaviour of both Juliet and Romeo. Juliet takes the potion from Friar Laurence; this is strange because she does not know the actual results of the potion and her family, who she is supposed to love, would all believe she was dead. Moreover, she would have to lie in a monument filled with dead bodies until Romeo came to get her. Next, because Romeo is wrongly informed of Juliet's death he immediately decided that he could not live without her, so he killed himself. He just made a quick decision that he could not live his life without a person who he had just met a few nights before. Romeo felt ending his life would be the solution. Finally, since Juliet is steadfast to Romeo, when she found him dead, she also made the decision that she could not live her life with a person who she had just met. Therefore, these examples point to yet another act of strange behaviour for both Romeo and Juliet.

In conclusion, the story of Romeo and Juliet was clearly a demonstration of how first love can lead to strange behaviour, in some cases it always does. People always seem to change after they experience first love. In the story, Romeo and Juliet just met and claimed they were in love. Problems were immediately presented in their relationship, because they were the children of two feuding families. They made very irrational decisions when they were faced with problems and in the end; they both ended up taking their lives for one another. Even though they had just met days before, Romeo and Juliet believed life would not be worth living if they could not be together. Love can be fun, but the price one can pay is very high.Please note that this sample paper on Romeo and Juliet: How First Love Can Lead To Strange Behaviour is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Romeo and Juliet: How First Love Can Lead To Strange Behaviour, we are here to assist you. Your essay on Romeo and Juliet: How First Love Can Lead To Strange Behaviour will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Unhappiness- The Supreme Evil

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Unhappiness- The Supreme Evil

As I sat here and pondered what to write for this paper, I was amazed to discover that I had never really contemplated my own moral philosophy. I had no reasons to give for why I act the way I do. As I began to think more deeply, I was inundated with numerous questions I felt that I had to ask myself in order to get to the answer. What makes me act the way I do? How do I determine the right course of action? Do I value my own opinions and feelings over those of others? Why do I feel that morality is mostly subjective? What role does religion play? Where did I learn my moral philosophy is it even learned? I realized that I would need to be able to answer those questions before I could completely know my moral philosophy and myself. My moral philosophy is not simple and although it is not nearly as complex as Kant, it may be a challenge to assimilate. To understand my moral philosophy, you must first understand what makes me who I am.

I was born in the suburbs away from the violence and corruption that floods our television sets. The violence that I saw on television might as well have been an action movie and not the nightly news, because it didn't pertain to life, as I knew it. I was not a sheltered child and I was aware of the ways of the world, however, I chose to ignore that which I could not see on a daily basis. My parents were very young when I was born and with no child rearing experience, they taught me to be my own person. I was given the freedom to make my own decision from the time I was old enough to decide. My relationship with my parents has always been an extremely close one, and I learned to look at them as the ideal role models in all aspects of life. As a child, I adopted their faith, witnessing how they turned towards religion when times got rough. I attended Sunday school on a regular basis and even practiced bible studies with some of my church friends. I believed in God, but my faith was never something that I pushed on others, or even something that I wanted others to understand. My faith was something deep inside me. It was very personal and something that I could believe in to give me hope. Through religion, I learned to respect the opinions of others, and at a young age I began to weigh consequences when choosing a course of action. I began to consider the feelings of others as well as what I felt was right in my heart. I can remember being invited to spend the night at two different friends houses on the same night, and I couldn't decide whom to choose. I came up with my own solution and invited them both to stay at my house. This has become an integral part of my moral philosophy the best course of action is not the one that is right or wrong, but the one that falls in between and causes the least amount of unhappiness for everyone involved, including myself.

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A teacher in elementary school once told me that there are at least three sides to every story Party A, Party B, and the point of view of a casual observer. This lead me to believe that there were also at least three solutions to every problem, one that will satisfy Party A, one to satisfy Party B, and perhaps the most desired, one that will satisfy both parties. I believe that when you satisfy the most people, especially yourself or someone that you love, you get the best outcome.

In a way, my philosophy is like utilitarianism, only much more simplified. I do not weigh such factors as the duration, fruitfulness, or likelihood of the potential happiness; however, I do consider the number of people it will make happy and the intensity of the happiness. I also heavily consider the consequences of making someone unhappy. For example, say I received two invitations for dinner on the same night, one from Jane and one from Suzy. Being one person, I can obviously go out with only one of them (unless of course, they are compatible and we would all have a good time together) and will have to make one of them unhappy by declining their offer. If I decide not to go out with Jane, she will just reschedule for another night and not be too upset. If I decline Suzy's offer, Suzy will be very angry with me for "choosing someone over her" and probably will not speak to me for a few days. In this case, I am not considering the happiness that I will cause by going with someone, but rather the unhappiness that I would cause and the intensity of that unhappiness. I would go with Suzy and there would be the least amount of dissatisfaction caused.

Unlike Utilitarianism, however, I do put my happiness and the happiness of those I love above the happiness of others. Sometimes I will compromise my own satisfaction, but only for someone that I care about. For example, I will go to see a boring movie with my boyfriend if I know it will please him, even if I will be miserable the whole time. In a relationship, sometimes you have to make those simple sacrifices because you know that you will in turn be treated the same way the next time you want to see a sappy love movie. To give up something for someone else often ensures that you will be rewarded for such in the future.

I also agree with the basic philosophy of psychological egoism. I do not consciously behave or center my actions on being personally rewarded, but as the last example shows, we often unconsciously act one way to have that action reciprocated to us in the future. Consider the friendships of women for a moment. Liz is consistently calling Jill for advice about her troubled relationship. Jill listens with a sympathetic ear, however, Jill has a stable relationship and Liz's constant nagging and man bashing is starting to irritate Jill making her start to avoid and dread Liz's phone calls. Because Liz cannot reciprocate the action and be a sounding board for Jill, Liz and Jill will not likely stay close friends for a long time. Another example is a charity worker who spends his whole life giving to others. People may see him as unselfish and caring, but the motivation for his actions may be in the fact that he feels he will lose a significant amount of happiness in his own life if he ceases to help them. He may want to stop helping them, resenting them for taking up so much of his time and effort, but knowing the amount of guilt he will feel if he stops helping them, he continues to go back every day. I think that people, myself included, often act in these ways because we are raised in a reward-based society. We are used to receiving praise for a job well done, a paycheck for work completed, a good grade on a paper that we spend a lot of time to write, and it is these type of actions that motivate us in our interpersonal relationships as well. We are driven by praise and success and choosing the course of action that satisfies this need is often the course deemed most desirable. It may not be the action that makes the most people happy, but it is the action that will make you feel good, as well as the action that generally causes the least amount of discontent for others.

Making the "right" decision is a concept that I don't eagerly endorse. I believe it is more about making the "best" decision, because "right" implies that there are only two solutions, a right one and a wrong one. The best solution is often found somewhere in the middle. Sometimes the line between right and wrong is blurred and a simple miscalculation can transpose the two. When a situation only has consequences that will affect my life, I rely heavily on feelings and intuition to help me make the best decision. I look at the actions, the consequences, and subsequently the amount of pleasure or pain each possible outcome will produce. It is only after carefully weighing each of those factors that I am able to make a fully rational decision. It seems that the choices we are most often faced with are the types of choices that will only affect our lives and ourselves. It is along with this line of reasoning that I believe that morality is mostly subjective.

Morality is subjective because when faced with personal issues, I often depend on my own line of reasoning to help me come to a conclusion. I believe that other people do the same. You cannot get together a group of ten people and expect them all to come up with the same solution to a problem. Each individual will look inside himself or herself and weigh different issues and factors that are pertinent to their own life. In the same respect, no group of people will come to a consensus on controversial topics such as animal rights, euthanasia or abortion. That does not mean that there are no right or wrong solutions to the problems, it simply shows that there may be a best solution that is relative to the individual making the decision. The best solution for the person is the one that causes them the least amount of discontent and unhappiness, as well as the one that brings about the most joy.

This philosophy is simple to follow, but at times it can feel hypocritical. I make choices that will make others as well as myself feel pleasure and minimize pain. But as with Kant, you must also consider the intent behind the decision. If you are helping someone only in order to have that help reciprocated to you in the future, it may cause you feelings of guilt, which would be unfavorable. I try to only help others or give them happiness if it is genuine without wanting in return. I do not contemplate the intent as much as the consequence; however, I do believe that superficial intent will usually bring about superficial results.

The old saying goes something like this, "you can't please all of the people all of the time." And I agree. I also think that as long as you aren't' compromising your own well being, it doesn't hurt to try. You cannot allow yourself to try too hard though, or then you end up with insincere results and feelings. I find that the less I try to accommodate everyone and the more I try to minimize the unhappiness a decision might cause, the better the results are in the end. People have told me that I am a good friend to have. I have heard that I am a good listener, and I have had many successful personal relationships with people. I truly believe that this stems largely from the fact that I try to be sincere in all aspects of my life, a quality that most people find admirable and respectable.

Please note that this sample paper on Unhappiness- The Supreme Evil is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Unhappiness- The Supreme Evil, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Unhappiness- The Supreme Evil will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Mattise VS Picasso

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Mattise VS Picasso. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Mattise VS Picasso paper right on time.

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My experience of the "Matisse Picasso Exhibit" at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) was significantly educational and interesting. The exhibit consisted of 1

works mostly top drawer paintings, drawings, and sculptures, 67 by Picasso and 66 by

Matisse. "Mounting the exhibit was a massive undertaking in itself finding just the right

Matisse to pair with just the right Picasso, to show how the two developed separately and

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together, exploring what seems at times like an elaborate clandestine collaboration, at

other times like out and out war". Throughout this paper I will be comparing and

contrasting one work from each artist, which I have chosen Henri Matisse's "Music"

and Pablo Picasso's "Serenade". Each piece is alike and different in many ways.

Henri Matisse's, "Music" (1) Oil on canvas 45 /8 x 45 /8 painted in the

days of war but shows no hints of troubles, bringing joy and happiness to the

viewer. Matisse as a follower of the Expressionism used bold bright colors, simplified

shapes, careless depiction of figures, thus emphasizing inner feelings and emotions over objective views. In the picture I see two figures in a room possibly on a balcony or by a

window relaxing in peace, one plays guitar while the other sits and enjoys. "Music is divided into four distinct areas the organic upper band; the spiky middle right quadrant

with the larger figure; the griddled zone to the left with the smaller figure; and the still-life

zone in front". In the background there are organic plant-like forms in bold green

upon black which might be viewed as actual trees outside at night, or a painting on a wall.

The mid ground consists of two women sitting. Even though the woman playing guitar positioned on sofa is larger than the women in the chair on the left, she seems to be closer to

the viewer. By looking closer at the picture we realize that the chair overlaps the sofa making

the smaller woman to be closer. Both women are dressed very simply and have similar hairstyles. In the foreground closest to the viewer is an uplifted table with an apple and music notes on top. Being a two-dimensional painting there is not much depth. Depth is shown by overlapping and vertical lines, there is no modeling.

Pablo Picasso's "Serenade" (14), oil on canvas 76 ¾ x 104 /8 shares the

theme of music but the images are dark and gloomy. Picasso uses cubism techniques

which are emphasizing structure, limiting colors to neutrals, using geometric forms,

interlocking figures and ground, showing objects as the mind rather than the eye perceives

them. "The two figures in the picture have been identified as Picasso's former

and current lovers; displaying the pain of his own domestic drama, Picasso was clearly

the more overtly autobiographical artist" . In this picture I see two naked, abstracted,

figures, resembling women but with goblin-like characteristics, in a dark room. Each

seems to be wearing a mask and enchanted by the other, one sitting playing a mandolin

the other laying down and staring into space. One gets a spooky and an eerie feeling by

looking at Serenade. As if one is being stared at by morbid masks and hearing the sound

of hypnotic music luring them deeper into the picture plane. In the background stands a wall; against it in the mid ground is a figure lying on a bed. The foreground is occupied by the figure playing a mandolin on the right and a geometrical form on the left, possibly a book. The picture plane is extremely flat indicating that this is a two-dimensional painting with no modeling; depth is shown by vertical lines and overlapping. With so little depth each figure seems to be right in the viewers face entwining their mind with voodoo like elements, taken hold of their staring eyes with no escape.

Music by Matisse is an asymmetrical painting, shapes and color help to balance

and unify this work. Figures are un-proportioned, viewed larger and abstracted but human

characteristics remain present. The long ovular leaves are in balance with the arms of

each figure, the legs of the women on the left, and the woman's feet on the right.

Gridlines run along the wall shown from middle to lower left and at the right bottom

corner. Repetition of jagged triangular patterns on the couch and at the bottom of the

guitarist's pants are in harmony showing a constant rhythm between each; both associated

with the guitarist, as if one can almost hear the music being played. Music notes resemble a

pattern found on the bottom of the couch. The couch, table, music book, and brick wall,

all resemble a square or rectangular shape. Finally, the last of shapes, circles, such as used

for the woman's breasts, the hole in guitar, and the apple, help unite and bring together all

four distinct areas. Color plays an especially important role in Music as well as shape and

lines. All colors in the picture seem to be painted upwards toward the objects, leaving white highlights around them. "Matisse's line is yielding; it seems to accept the mysterious need of shapes and colors to seek their proper place and proportion. His contours are like the borders of wetness left by the waves on a beach". The edges of objects are dull and blurry causing our eyes to pick up on the outlined objects. The figures, guitar, couch, chair, music book and plant life are all outlined in black while the brick wall, table and apple are outlined by abutting colors. The plant life, table, bottom and arm of couch are all monochromatic shades of green. Complementary to the green is the red of the couch, brick wall and apple, which dull each other so the viewer is not overwhelmed with one. The yellow of the figure sitting, guitar, and triangular pattern on the guitarist's pants are in contrast with the blue of the outfit of the guitarist. The guitarist blue outfit stands out against the red and yellow shades indicating this is the important figure in the painting. The blue in the guitarists outfit is balanced by the green of the painting which is an analogous color to blue. Finally, black helps to unite the painting

brining each piece together from the background to the music notes, the guitar neck and

the chair, the hair and facial characteristics of each figure, and their outlines. We see in

music shape and color together play a considerable role of unity and balance bringing

together a masterpiece.

Serenade by Picasso is also an asymmetrical painting. Shapes and color help to

balance and unify this piece as well but in a much different way. Shapes are geometric

and unrealistic, distorting the figures and picture plane. The two figures are unified with

a number of abstract geometric shapes from triangles to quadrilaterals, to rounded forms

with sharp corners. The circular shapes prevent the figures from mixing with the

background and the foreground. Similar lines help to unite each figure and display in harmony

two parallel lines on each of there noses, contour lines depicting strands of hair, figure laying

down has toes which relate to the fingers of the mandolin player, eyes, nipples, belly buttons,

ear and the instruments hole all seem to be staring at you and staring back at each other

resembling facial characteristics when united with the geometric forms in surrounding area.

The floor, walls, ceiling, chair, couch and figures all have repeated triangular and quadrilateral

shapes all blending and shifting planes together. One can't help wondering as for the presence

of which character is emphasized the most in the picture. To answer this question let us

examine the colors that balance and unite Serenade. A deep and dark greenish, gray brown hue

vary in value and intensity remaining constant throughout the walls, ceiling, chair, floor,

and parts of the bed, depicting monochromatic colors. The mandolin player and figure

lying down are shown in complementary colors suggesting that both characters are of the

same importance. The mandolin player is painted in a purple hue with various values and

intensity separating each geometric form. The green of her hair stand out from the dark green

background but is united by the yellow green tint of the mandolin. Each geometric shape that

constitutes the figure laying down is painted in a different hue of yellow and seems to catch the viewer's eye dramatically but is balanced by dulling specific shapes with its complementary color- purple. The bright vibrant colors and geometric shapes, which make up each figure play mind boggling games with the viewer's perspective in ways so entertaining one can gaze and analyze forever.

To come to the conclusion, I would like to mention that both Matisse and Picasso paid their dues to modern culture in their unique ways, making us reflect on how we think about art. The exhibit itself helped me to understand how each artist grew, reacted, responded, and learned from each other. Looking at all their masterpieces I couldn't help noticing the ideas they borrowed from each other and the way they applied them in their works. To confirm my observations I would like to cite the mastermind himself. As Picasso said once "No one has ever looked at Matisse's paintings more carefully than I; and no one has looked at mine more carefully than he."

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