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Poverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginning of civilization. What does it mean to be poor? Poverty is defined as "the state of being poor; lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts. Poverty is lack of shelter, being sick and not being able to see a doctor, not being able to go to school or not knowing how to read, not having a job, in fear of the future, living one day at a time, poverty is powerless, lack of representation and freedom. Poverty can change from place
to place and across time.
Poverty is something people want to escape. Is there really a way to measure poverty, and to decide exactly what poverty is? Poverty is not something that has just recently become an issue; it has been around for many years. Poverty is something that not only effects adults, but children as well. Poverty is everywhere and it needs to reduce so that our economy will be more stabilized and balanced that it has been.
Many countries are in complete poverty and the majority is third world countries. Within the United States of America, a land of valuable, there are also pockets
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of extreme poverty. Trying to solve this huge problem of poverty, the United States of America, has developed for various reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal of problems. Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller, under-developed countries many people die from starvation. These countries can not afford to support their citizens. Due to their financial problems, the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm during cold months. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, diseases occur all over. These diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Once again with more financial problems, health care is limited to none.
Poor families are less likely to have nutritionally adequate diets than non-poor families. Children who grow up in a lower income family have inadequate diets which
usually lag in growth and have more frequent, more severe, and longer-lasting infectious diseases. Inadequate nutrition,including iron deficiency (with or without anemia), may also affect cognitive development and social behavior, with undernourished children being more apathetic (Kotch, J., &Shackelford, J., 18). Poor children are also believed to experience mental and emotional problems more frequently than non-poor children. As children in poverty grow into adolescence and adulthood, they are more likely to drop out of school, have children out of wedlock, and be unemployed, leaving them to raise a family in poverty. Education is clearly a significant factor in enhancing the future of impoverished children. The educational level of parents is closely associated with child poverty. Parents who have not completed high school are less likely to be employed steadily than parents with more education.
Poverty is usually caused by the difficulty in holding and even getting a job. It is often said that poverty is due to laziness because they do not want to work or failure f the individual however, the fact is that most poor people do work full or part-time.
Massive increases in unemployment in recent years have not resulted from personal inadequacy. Many workers have lost their jobs for reasons beyond their control and
cannot find work because it is not available. Many people are on welfare because they are temporarily unable to provide for themselves, often due to some personal or economic crisis. Ability, education, and skills help determine the kind of job an individual gets".
That is the matter. The United States has one of the highest degrees of inequality in distribution of income. Through out our history, people in the United State have valued self reliance, convinced that social standing is mostly a matter of individual talent and
effort. This perspective sees society offering plenty of opportunity to anyone able and willing to take advantage of it. The poor are whoever can not or will not work, women
and men with fewer skills, less schooling, and little motivation. Everyone does not have the same physical abilities and mental abilities. Poor health and abilities prevent some people from holding a job. Through science people have been able to hold onto jobs a lot
easier. It has increased the need for professional workers and lowered the demand for the unskilled . So, the people with higher education will get paid a higher income, and people with lower education will get paid a lower income.
Generally, poverty is blamed either on the individual or the system. Several dimensions such as intelligence, poverty culture, family life and the system of capitalism
give explanation as to why poverty exists in the U.S. Intelligence has been labeled as one of the factors of poverty in the U.S. because of research done by sociologist, Richard Herrnstein, who "argued that the poor have a lower intellectual capability than the non-poor, and that they marry other people of low intelligence, thus producing children of low intellectual capacity (p. 15, Parrillo)." Although, there is plenty of evidence refuting this finding many people tend to think of the poor as lacking the knowledge to attain and obtain a well paying job. For this reason, people of poor economic background receive fewer opportunities in the work force. Poverty culture gives explanation for the existence of poverty through "the continual reinforcement of the cycle of poverty (p. 15, Parrillo)" adapted by children of poor families. Poverty culture consists of unproductive actions such as a lack of education, teenage pregnancy, drug use, a lack of trust in the authorities and a pessimistic attitude. It has been argued that the "negative orientation toward life and work makes them ill-equipped to enter the societal mainstream (p. 15, Parrillo)."
Family life, like intelligence and poverty culture, places blame of poverty on the individual. It has been consistently found that family instability is most common among the poor than in any other economic class. Because there is a lack of support in poor families, individuals raised in these families are prone to failure. Finally, the system of capitalism is one of the few dimensions that places the blame on society for the existence of poverty. "Socialist, Michael Harrington argued the inadequate programs and misdirected priorities hampered efforts to solve this far from intractable problem (p. 17,
Parrillo)." Because the poor have no positive influence in society and lack political support, they have no means of power to break the ongoing cycle of poverty.
Poverty is a problem that affects us both at the individual and societal levels. I believe it is largely because of social structures, namely networks. When individuals form networks or groups they tend to associate with those who are like them. Many of the social structures in our society not only sustain the level of poverty in our nation, but also further it. The upward movement of individuals into higher classes is largely determined by characteristics of those in their networks. These networks prescribe life chances, the options that will be available to him/her, and the resources that he/she may call upon.
Social structures form a key element in the lives of those that pertain to all classes and are a major source of class stability. I think it is safe to conclude that the poor stay poor and the rich get richer because of those around them and the support they provide.
I believe it is largely because of social structures, namely his networks. When individuals form networks or groups they tend to associate with those who are like them. Equity theory explains this by claiming that people are most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners. This would infer that networks would exist between those within a specific class but not across classes. By forming associations with those of equitable status, the rich form a very supportive network and the poor form a network that can sympathize with their situation at best. Networks are vital to class mobility in that they are critical in molding life chances, providing resources, and presenting options.
Our government understands that people are in the crisis of poverty, for any given number of reasons. They understand that the major systems contributing to poverty are low income jobs, expensive/bad housing conditions, social service system failures like health and mental health, no committed responsibility for the chronically disabled, domestic violence/prisons/military/foster care system discharges. And they understand the problems with our nation's current service systems in place 1) more people coming in everyday, but insufficient opportunity to access mainstream programs; ) increased costs and lack of new funding; ) frustration and perception that the system is failing. So hat can our government do? Our government must establish a clear understanding of who the homeless are in our nation. They must take a look at what major system failures are contributing to homelessness in America. They must understand what is causing the problems in our current service systems.
Social problems will always exist because social problems change as time changes. We often tend to overlook what we call necessities others call luxuries. Therefore in the future I hope social problems will become non-existent but that is pretty much impossible. I also feel that poverty is a huge problem we face as a world and that even though it is impossible to solve this problem, we must look at it as an ongoing problem and do our best to help solve this problem. In final I feel that overpopulation with a couple other factors such as diseases, younn pregnancies, and the one that I think has the most importance is the environment you grow up in helps shape you into the person you grow up to be.
To solve the national poverty, we, as a people, must work with our community, state and federal government representatives to share ideas, information, and resources.
We must work together to actively recruit service providers, decision makers, funders, private sector partners, and people who are or formerly were homeless to collaborate on policy and solutions. The United States tried to rectify the poverty problem in several ways. Through social programs such as welfare and social security, the poor are given a minimal amount of money in order to aid their existence. The "Trickle Down" approach
was installed by the Reagan-Bush Republican administrators with the belief that in giving the upper-class a tax cut, the rich would have more money to pump into the economy which would eventually reach the lower classes. The Interventionist Approach was an action taken on behalf of the federal government, which sought to educate and employ the poor in order to help them attain a job career. Unfortunately, these social programs
have not been able to keep up with the inflation rates and the constant want of material goods by the poor created by the need to fit in with the middle and upper classes. In
reaction to the deregulation of the international market, many other countries are simulating the American capitalistic system. By "reducing social benefits towards the poor and unemployed and minimizing government efforts to assure job security (p. 47, Heiner)", poverty is being given the opportunity to manifest globally. Without an international plan that places emphasis on building "successful families, competent schools and positive communities in which good jobs exist to meet the needs of families worldwide (p. 45, Heiner)", the problem of poverty will continue to grow. Due to the individual and societal influence that is placed on poverty, the amount of poor people in the world has grown consistently. A unified plan is mandatory, otherwise, poverty will continue to grow and create a serious threat to our general welfare. In realizing that the upper classes of the world has the power to put an end to poverty almost immediately through a combination of educational jump start programs and a guaranteed annual income, a system ought to be devised to end poverty once and for all.
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